Spodoptera exigua, the beet armyworm, is a small pale gray brown noctuid moth fw length 11 16 mm with a fairly nondescript pattern that includes a pale round obicular with a gray to orange central ocellus and translucent white hindwings with a dark veins and dark marginal band at the anterior outer margin. Interspecific interaction between spodoptera exigua multiple. In the british isles, where it is an introduced species and not. Unfortunately, genetic resources for the beet armyworm is extremely scarce.
Spodoptera exigua is native to the tropics and subtropics of almost the entire world. Monitoring of resistance in spodoptera exigua lepidoptera. It is now found around the world, except for south america. Note round, white orbicular spot with gray dot in the center. Noctuidae, is a widely distributed polyphagous pest. Beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hubner lepidoptera. Black dashes at the base of the forewing are absent. Melia azedarach, spodoptera exigua, biopesticide, azadirachta indica, root cambium, root cortex. Hindwing translucent white with gray veins and shading at. Eleven compounds associated with sex attractant activity were isolated from female spodoptera exigua hubner lepidoptera. Noctuidae from four districts of the southern punjab, pakistan to four conventional and six new chemistry insecticides. Taxonomic description of the genus spodoptera lepidoptera. New spodoptera exigua cell lines susceptible tospodoptera exigua nuclear polyhedrosis.
Noctuidae and confirmed to be a new species of microplitis forster in china, is a solitary endoparasitoid of s. Assessment of resistance risk in spodoptera exigua hubner lepidoptera. Spodoptera exigua laphegoverview eppo global database. Noctuidae to endosulfan, organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides in pakistan. In xentari it took 3 weeks to reach 96% mortality in the highest concentration, while in neemazal ts within 7 to 8 days, 100% mortality was reached in all concentrations table 3. Project methods cotton lines will be planted in smallscale research plots at the ars, southern insect management research unit simru, stoneville, ms. Abstract the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua hubner lepidoptera. Impact of mass releases of chelonus heliopae gupta and telenomus remus nixon against spodoptera litura fabricius. Moreover, spodoptera exigua penetrates as an uncommon migrant far north and was found for example in germany many times. Beet armyworm spodoptera exigua andermatt biocontrol. Lethal and behavioral effects of insecticides on spodoptera. It is also known as the asparagus fern caterpillar, and the adult moth is known in the uk where it is an immigrant and not known to breed as the small mottled willow.
Life history study of spodoptera exigua to include life stages, identification, ecology, and distribution through field and lab observations. Interspecific interaction between spodoptera exigua. Spodoptera exigua often very similar but paler dorsally than laterally helicoverpa spp. General information about spodoptera exigua lapheg eppo global database.
Di antara delapan spesies dari genus spodoptera yang diketahui, ulat grayak s. Caterpillar numbers will be monitored throughout the season. It is also known as the asparagus fern caterpillar. The beet armyworm is found in many areas of africa, south asia, and north america. The beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hubner lepidoptera, noctuidae, is a major. Key words spodoptera exigua, host plants, consumption rates, feeding and growth indices. Noctuidae 2 larva there normally are five instars, although additional instars are sometimes reported. Pale ochreous brown, fore wing with sub basal, ante and post medial double line, indistinct some times. Ecological backlash is a counterresponse of the ecosystem that causes the managed system to be less manageable than prior to. Spodoptera exigua laphegdocuments eppo global database. Using chitin synthase gene a sechsa as the target gene, which is expressed in the cuticle and tracheae of the lepidopteran pest spodoptera exigua, we showed that the growth and development of s. Archives of phytopathology and plant protection 32. Duration of the instars under warm summer conditions is reported to be 2.
Microgastrina was first discovered in spodoptera litura f. Acceptability and suitability of spodoptera exigua hubner for. Noctuidae merupakan hama penting pada tanaman bawang di indonesia. New spodoptera exigua cell lines susceptible to spodoptera. Transcriptome analysis and screening for potential target.
Mitochondrial dna phylogeography of spodoptera exigua across a. Oct 26, 2009 spodoptera exigua, commonly known as rosquilla verde in spain or gusano soldado in latin america, and beet armyworm in the usa and other english speaking countries. The beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hubner lepidoptera. Arthropod biology feeding and life history of spodoptera exigua lepidoptera. The beet armyworm spodoptera exigua is one of the most wellknown agricultural pest insects. Identification and characterization of candidate chemosensory. Juxta with base narrow, ventral margin convex and dorsal process narrow. In the 4th and 5th larval instars, prepupae, and pupae, the mean survival.
Potensi jamur entomopatogen untuk mengendalikan hama ulat grayak spodoptera litura fabricius lepidoptera. Partly grown larva of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hubner. Noctuidae, is an important agriculture pest in china that causes serious. Noctuidae, has become a serious economic pest of vegetables and cotton in recent years across a wide distribution in china jiang and luo, 1998a, jiang and luo, 1999, wang et al. Spodoptera exigua, commonly known as rosquilla verde in spain or gusano soldado in latin america, and beet armyworm in the usa and other.
Eggs are deposited in clusters, usually on lower surface of the leaf, near blossom or the tip of the branch. Beet armyworm moth spodoptera exigua hubner, 1808 family. Monitoring of beet armyworm spodoptera exigua lepidoptera. Insecticidal characteristics of two commercial spodoptera. Noctuidae on different host plants article pdf available in annals of the entomological society of america 94jul 2001. Inheritance, fitness cost, and mechanism of resistance to tebufenozide in spodoptera exigua hubner lepidoptera. Abstract the insecticidal characteristics of two spodoptera exigua multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus semnpv strains produced on two different s. May 27, 2015 the use of bacillus thuringiensis to control agrotis ypsilon and spodoptera exigua on potato cultivations in egypt. Spodoptera exigua hiibner abdominal segments with at least one pair of dorsal triangular markings figs. Beet armyworm beet armyworm spodoptera exigua is one of the most destructive polyphagous pest species of worldwide economic importance. Beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, is found in the southern half of the united states.
Spodoptera exigua synonyms, spodoptera exigua antonyms. Pdf the incubation period of spodoptera exigua hubner was not influenced by the host plant, whereas larval development time and pupal period were. In the 4 th and 5 th instars larvae, prepupae, and pupae, the average survival rates of the insects fed on the high dose dssechsacontaining diet were 88. Oct 01, 2012 microplitis bicoloratus chen hymenoptera. Resistance of beet armyworm spodoptera exigua lepidoptera.
Cosmopolitan and polyphagous pest attacking rice, tobacco, tomato, maize, citrus, castor, groundnut, legumes and many other vegetables. Arthropod biology feeding and life history of spodoptera. Other species are generally distributed across the new world or the old world pogue 2002. Photograph by john capinera, university of florida. Abstract the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua lepidoptera. Egg masses from the simrus laboratory colonies of beet and fall armyworms will be artificially dispersed into all plots. Links to species fact sheets spodoptera exigua spodoptera frugiperda spodoptera littoralis spodoptera litura larval diagnosis detailed. However, in spodoptera exigua, a seriously polyphagous agricultural pest, only. Spodoptera is a genus of moths of the family noctuidae first described by achille guenee in 1852. Spodoptera exigua hiibner, spodoptera latifascia walker, and spodoptera sunia guenee are con sidered economically important pests whereas spodoptera eridania cramer, spodoptera orni thogalli guenbe, and spodoptera dolichos fabri cius are rarely abundant enough to cause serious damage to honduran crops passoa 1983.
Developmental control of a lepidopteran pest spodoptera. Beet armyworms occur in warmer regions of the mediterranean countries, north america and africa and invade the cooler northern regions as temperatures permit. Pnw moths spodoptera exigua pacific northwest moths. Keys about fact sheets glossary larval morphology references. Dinamikapopulasi spodoptera exigua hubner lepidoptera. Because it is a tropical insect, and lacks a diapause mechanism, it can overwinter successfully only in warm areas or in greenhouses. Noctuidae merupakan hamal penting karena setiap musim tanam hama ini selalu menyerang pada tanaman bawang merah dan bawang daun. The roughly 30 species are distributed across six continents.
The beet armyworm or small mottled willow moth spodoptera exigua is one of the bestknown agricultural pest insects. Noctuidae is a polyphagous insect that is distributed worldwide and. Spodoptera exigua is distinguished by a long, thin, curved ampulla, and a rectangular opening at the base of the valve. Introduction the use of persistent chemical insecticides has often resulted in ecological backlash. Spodoptera praefica has a rectangular, somewhat obscure, black spot on the mesothorax. Contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose. A manual of the insects of the hawaiian islands, including enumeration of the species and notes on the origin, distribution, hosts, parasites, etc. Spodoptera exigua spodoptera exigua belongs in the subgroup of spodoptera moths that lack contrasting transverse black, brown, white lines on the forewings. To improve these resources we sequenced the transcriptome of s. Eggs hatch after 2 3 days and larvae mature in as few as 21 to 24 days. It belongs to family noctuidae, order lepidoptera and commonly called as laddi hulu. It is native to asia, but has been introduced worldwide and is now found almost anywhere its many host crops are grown.
Beet armyworm is a tropical insect, native to southeast asia. Sex pheromone components of the beet armyworm, spodoptera. In the 1950s, this pest destroyed young citrus trees and nursery stocks in california, leading to substantial economic losses in approximately 500 acres of citrus areas 2. Noctuidae is one of the most important insect pests on many crops, and it is distributed worldwide. But some records are also based on passive transport as with agricultural products. This is a western united states species with coloration totally unlike s.
Beet armyworm occasionally bears a spot laterally, but if present it occurs on the mesothorax, not on the first abdominal segment. Evaluation of melia azedarach as a botanical pesticide. Feeding and life history of spodoptera exigua lepidoptera. Insecta, holometabola, lepidoptera, noctuidae common names. Nov 22, 2019 beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hubner, 1808 lepidoptera, noctuidae, and flight dynamics data in the sombor region. Jul, 2009 phenotypes of spodoptera exigua after ingestion of bacterially expressed dsrna high bacteria concentration, 250. This species occurs outdoors in the warmer regions of europe, asia, africa and the americas, and in greenhouses in colder climates. Beet armyworm spodoptera, or laphygma, exiqua, an insect of the family noctuidae, a serious pest of cotton, alfalfa, tomatoes, sugar beets, and many other agricultural crops.
In china it seriously damages many cultivated crops including cabbage, cowpea, soybean, onion, cotton and others, insecticide application is the most practical way to prevent its damages, however, many insecticides have been reported to fail to control s. Jun 18, 20 the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, is one of the most serious agricultural pests of vegetable and flower crops in many agricultural areas all over the world. Text is available under the creative commons attributionsharealike license. Is emamectin benzoate effective against the different stages of. These strains constitute the active ingredients of the biological insecticides virex and spexit and were produced on insect colonies from. Spodoptera exigua wikibooks, open books for an open world.
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