Notes on oscillations and mechanical waves periodic motion. Suzuki department of physics, state university of new york at binghamton, binghamton, new york 9026000, u. Reviews advanced mathematical techniques where necessary for application. Lecture note on oscillations and waves masatsugu suzuki and itsuko s. So, while one of the principal goals here is to introduce you to many of the features of waves, an equally if. In transverse waves the particles of the medium move perpendicular to. Introduction to waves a bit of gossip starting in washington reaches new york very quickly, even though not a single individual who takes part in spreading it travels between these two cities.
Waves involve continuous quantities the vary in both space and time. Lecture note on oscillations and waves researchgate. An introduction to the mathematical theory of waves. Through a combination of class discussion, animations, demonstrations, lab work and an individual activity, students will be introduced to waves and wave interference. Back waves trigonometry realms physics contents index home. Longitudinal waves have vibrations in the same direction as that in which they are travelling e. Solve problems involving mass, length, tension, and wave velocity wave velocity for transverse waves. Water waves and sound waves are examples of mechanical waves. Mfmcgrawphy 2425 chap 15haoscillationsrevised 102012 46 overdamped. Even more important, though only touched on in this book, is the wave phenomenon of quantum mechanics, built into the fabric of our space and time. An understanding of waves is crucial for all these phenomena and much more. The purpose of these lecture notes is to give an introduction to various kinds of pde describing waves. A wave is a transfer of energy through a medium from one point to another. May cover material you are not responsible for but which will benefit your general education on the subject matter.
The third section describes how the simple systems analyzed in the second section may be extended to waves moving through a medium, such as along a string. The physics of waves version date february 15, 2015. The behaviour of waves affects us every second of our lives. Larger values of the damping the return to equilibrium slower.
Define, relate and apply the concepts of frequency, wavelength, and wave speed. Simple harmonic motion is introduced and described in mathematical terms. National 5 waves and radiation summary notes type here mr downie 2019 national 5 waves and radiation summary notes wave parameters and behaviours transverse waves a water wave is a transverse wave. A common feature of these examples is that they all can be described by partial differential equations pde.
Lecture notes vibrations and waves an introduction to. The first part of the text overviews the concept of a wave, describes onedimensional waves using functions of two variables, provides an introduction to partial differential equations, and discusses computeraided visualization techniques. From source to detector sound from an instrument to ear cell phone to cell tower and vice versa em waves water waves a disturbance in the water moves outward. Although a somewhat nonintuitive mathematical abstraction a partial di. If wave loses energy due to friction while traveling v, f. Waves on string and spring, waves on water surface, sound waves, seismic waves. Introduction to wave phenomena akira hirose, karl erik.
There are familiar, everyday sorts of waves in water, ropes and springs. Learn introduction to physics waves with free interactive flashcards. Sawtooth wave square wave sine wave waves are typically disturbances in some medium. We will start with periodic motion for the rst two lectures, with our speci c examples being the motion of a mass attached to the end of a spring, and the pendulum. A unified treatment of general wave phenomena and applications in physics, mechanics, engineering, and applied mathematics.
Indeed, an alternative title for this course might be something like introduction to mathematical physics with applications to wave phenomena. Introduction to the physics of classical and quantum waves for students who have had at least one year of college physics and three semesters of calculus or intensive calculus. In physics, mathematics, and related fields, a wave is a disturbance change from equilibrium. A water wave is an example of a surface wave, which is a combination of transverse and longitudinal wave motions. This book is based on an undergraduate course taught at the iaspark city mathematics institute utah on linear and nonlinear waves.
Waves tend to be spread out in space or in the medium. Traveling waves waves propagate from one place to another. General introduction, revision of partial differentiation, odes, and fourier series 2. There are two quite different motions involved, that of the rumor. The waves which do not require medium for their propagation are called non mechanical or electromagnetic waves. Topics include linear and nonlinear oscillators, resonance, coupled. The system returns to equilibrium without oscillating.
The energyintensity carried by waves is proportional to the square of whatever waves at least for linear waves. The speed of the wave is given by v c k, equivalent to c f. The vector r denotes the location in space where the. In this diagram the water particles move up and down but the. Fluid velocity in a shallowwater wave moving to the right. Remaining equations give wave equation for sound waves. Examples of timedependent electromagnetic phenomena include highspeed circuits, transmission lines, radar, and optical communications. The motion in which repeats after a regular interval of time is called periodic motion. Not guaranteed to cover all the material you are responsible for on the homework or exams. The basic concepts discussed in this introductory package may be applied to all waves including the three shown below. There are a great variety of possible plasma waves modes, since the wave phase velocity depends on both the wave frequency and its angle of propaga tion with.
Notes on oscillations and mechanical waves the topics for the second part of our physics class this quarter will be oscillations and waves. In general for most sinusoidal waves power a 2 f ex. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. For the most part, in this section of zona land we will be discussing mechanical waves. The second section is an introduction to harmonic oscillators and di. The study of waves is, perhaps, truly the central subject of physics. Waves and oscillations veer surendra sai university of. To study the properties of electromagnetic fields and waves. Waves to understand a laser beam, we need to know how electric and magnetic fields change with time.
Waves are all around us, but it is actually hard to say what a wave is. Displacement is the distance of a particle of the wave from its equilibrium position at any particular time amplitude a is the maximum displacement of a particle of the wave from its equilibrium position. Hecht, optics 4th edition highly recommended lecture. Lecture 11 chapter 16 waves i university of virginia.
There are less visible but equally pervasive sound waves and electromagnetic waves. Transverse waves have vibrations perpendicular to the direction of travel e. Choose from 500 different sets of introduction to physics waves flashcards on quizlet. Defines the general properties of linear and nonlinear wave phenomena and illustrates the physical context in which the wave phenomena arise. The direction of vibration is at right angles to the direction of wave travel. The periodic motion in which there is existence of a restoring force and the body moves along the same path to and fro about a definite point called equilibrium positionmean position, is. A physics revision video introducing the concepts of waves. Introduction waves occur in almost all branches of science. The book is targeted at the first year undergraduate science and engineering students.
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